Unit 8 I'll help clean up the city parks.重点、难点、考点及疑点注释1. I’d like to help homeless people. (P60)我想资助无家可归的人。homeless是形容词，意为“无家可归的”，由home+后缀-less组成。特别提示less后缀通常加在名词的后面，组成形容词，表现与原来名词意思相反的形容词，如groundless 无凭据的， odorless 无气味的, careless粗心的，useless无用的。

2. You could help clean up the city parks. (P60)你可以帮着扫除都会公园。◎clean up是“清除、除去（垃圾、污物）”等，使地方洁净。

Please clean up the room after the party. 聚会后把房间扫除洁净。We should clean up the dirty parts of the sea.我们应该清除海里的污染部门。◎clean up还可以表现“挣得，赢得（几多钱）”。

He cleaned up a small fortune. 他发了一笔小财。特别提示clean oneself up意为“洗洁净”。

Your hands are dirty, you’d better clean yourself up.你的手脏了，你应该洗洗它们。3. You could give out food at a food bank. (P60)你可以在食品供应站分发食品。

give out在这里是“分发”，“散发”的意思。Our English teacher gave out the examination papers when the bell rang.我们的英语老师在铃响的时候分发试卷。◎另外一个意思为“用完”，“消耗尽”。After a week their food supplies gave out. 一周之后，他们的食物供应用完了。

◎另有一个意思为“发出”，“送出”。The sun gives out a lot of heat. 太阳能发出热量。

4. He looks sad. Let’s cheer him up.(P61)他看上去很伤心。我们去帮他振作起来吧。cheer up sb或cheer sb up意为“（使某人）兴奋起来，振作起来”。

如果是代词做宾语，则将代词放在中间。Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad. 不要发愁啦，这消息不错嘛！He took her to the ballet to cheer her up.他为了使她兴奋起来，便带她去看芭蕾舞。5. This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week, so it is a major commitment. (P62)这份义工每周花了他们每小我私家好几个小时的时间，所以这是一个重大的孝敬。

(1)each of them是指“他们中的每一个”。如果做主语，则谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。知识拓展each与every的用法◎each指一个整体中的每一个，强调个体；every着重于全体的总和，强调整体。

试比力：Each has a different book. （强调各有差别。）Here every child at the age of six can go to school. （偏重整体，无一破例。）◎each可作形容词及代词，而every只能作形容词，但可与-one，-body，-thing等组成复合代词。

◎each用在代词或复数名词前要用介词of毗连，如each of them, each of the boys; every不能直接跟of毗连，如不行以说every of them，而要说every one of them或each of them。◎every还可以表现“每隔”，后接基数词加名词，如every four weeks, every three months等，此种结构中的every不能用each取代。

She had a rest every fives minutes. 她每隔5分钟就休息一会儿。魔力纠错①街道两旁有许多商店。误：There are many shops on every side of the street.正：There are many shops on each side of the street.魔力剖析each可以用来指两个或两个以上的人或物，可是every却总是指三个或三个以上的人或物，不能指两者。

6. Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. (P62)我不仅对资助别人感应很满足，而且我还徐徐地花时间做自己喜爱做的事情。(1)not only ... but also (also可省略)是“不光……而且……”的意思，当置于句首时，not only后面从句的主谓要倒装，但but （also）后面的主谓不用倒装。Not only has he been to Canada, but (also) he knows some Canadians.他不仅去过加拿大，而且还认识许多加拿大人。Not only did he teach at school, but (also) he wrote novels.他不仅在学校里教书，而且还写小说。

7. “Don’t put it off,” says HuiPing. “Become a volunteer today!” (P62) “别犹豫”，慧萍说，“今天就来当一名自愿者吧！”(1)put off 意思是“推迟，拖延”。Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today. 今日事今日毕。They put off the soccer game because of the rain.因为下雨，他们把球赛推迟了。

You should not put off going to see the doctor. 你不应该拖延去看医生。◎put off还可意为“关掉”，相当于turn off。Please put off the lights before you leave the classroom.在你脱离课堂之前，请关掉灯。

(2)become是系动词，表现“酿成，成为”，后面接名词、形容词、已往分词等。She became famous in her city. 她在她所在都会的成为名人了。

知识拓展become后可接介词of，组成what becomes of sb/sth 表现“某人/某事希望如何”。What became of the dreams of our youth? 我们年轻时的理想何在？特别提示系动词get, turn , grow和become都可表现“变得，感应”，其区别是：◎get用于日常用语，后面常跟比力级。

The weather gets colder, and the days get shorter. 天气变冷了，白昼变短了。◎turn指在颜色和性质等方面变得与原来差别。

His face turned red. 他的脸变红了。◎grow着重变化历程。

It’s growing dark. 天徐徐地变黑了。◎become是指身份、职位的变化，作瞬间动词时，指状态的变化。He became an artist. 他成为了一名艺术家。

8. Jimmy takes after his mother. (P63)吉米的言行举止像他妈妈。本句中的take after sb 表现“长相或举止像（某个尊长）”，不能用于被动语态。

To my surprise, Jack doesn’t take after his father at all.令我惊讶的是，杰克和他爸爸长的一点儿也不像。Mary really takes after her mother, she has the same eyes, nose, and hair.玛丽长得真像她妈妈，眼睛、鼻子和头发一个样。9. Jimmy has run out of money. (P63)吉米把钱花光了。

run out of意为“用完”，其主语通常是人，表现主动寄义，后面跟宾语。He has run out of ink.他用完了墨水。I’m afraid we’re run out of petrol.我们的汽油怕是已用完了。

特别提示run out也是“用完”的意思，其主语通常是被使用的事物，如时间、款项、食物等，但不用于被动语态，同时其后也不能跟宾语。His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花完了。Have you nearly finished? Time is running out. 你快做完了吗？时间快到了。10. I fix up bikes and give them away. (P63)我修理好自行车，然后捐赠出去。

(1)fix up相当于to repair，表现“修理，修补，整理”,其后跟物件名词作宾语。My watch sometimes gains and sometimes loses. Can you fix it up for me?我的表有时快，有时慢，你能帮我修修吗？My mother is too old to live on her own, so we’re fixing up the spare room for her. 我母亲年事太大了，不能自己生活，所以我们正收拾这个多出的房间让她住。特别提示如果fix up的宾语是“人”的话，则组成fix sb up with sth句型，表现“为某人摆设某件事，向某人提供某物”。I’ll fix you up with a place to stay. 我来给你摆设住处。

(2)give sth away 意思是“捐赠，赠送”。The rich man gave away most of his money to charity.谁人富人把他的大部门钱都捐给了慈善事业。知识拓展◎give away还可以表现“分发或赠与某物，由于大意而未使用或抓住（时机，时机等）”。

The headmaster gave away the prizes at the school sports day.校长在学校运动会上发表了奖品。◎give away还可以表现“有意或无意地泄露某事情或出卖某人”。The woman gave away state secrets to the enemy.谁人妇女把国家秘密泄露给了敌人。

11. He even handed out advertisements at a local supermarket. (P64)他甚至在当地的一家超市散发广告。hand out意为“散发”，其中hand是动词。

The teacher is handing out the maths papers. 老师在发数学试卷。短语链语hand in“面交”，“上交”。

The students are handing their papers in.学生们在交试卷。12. Then he told the teachers at school about his problem ... (P64)然后他告诉老师自己的问题……tell sb about sth是“把某事告诉某人”的意思，有时表现“嘱咐或语气较轻的下令”，常用于tell sb to do sth结构。

The teacher told us about his story. 老师给我们讲了他的故事。My mother usually tells me to be careful on my way to school.妈妈经常告诉我在去上学的路上一定要小心。13. The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. (P64)他想到的那些措施获得了乐成。

(1)这是一个由that引导的定语从句，先行词是前面的strategies。动词短语worked out在这里作主语the strategies的谓语，意为“发生效果，生长为，效果是……”，后面不行接宾语，主语也不用“人”来充当。

I wonder how their ideas worked out in practice.我很想知道他们的想法在实践中取得了什么效果。We didn’t plan it like that but it worked out very well.我们原不是那样计划的，但效果却很好。

知识拓展work out的其它用法It was the best solution that he was able to work out at this time.这是他这时能想出的最好的解决措施了。（想出）I can’t work out the meaning of this poem. 我明白不了这首诗的意思。（明白）短语链语◎work on意为“从事”。

Professor Green is working on a new book. 格林教授正在写一本新书。He is working on a maths problem. 他正在算一道数学难题。◎work on后面无宾语时，表现继续事情。

It’s very late, but they were still working on.时间很晚了，但他们仍然在继续事情。(2)fine在这里是副词，可与well替换，意思是“好，顺利”。

The machine works fine. 这台机械运行很好。Sam is doing fine in his new business.萨姆在他的新业务中一切希望顺利。14. ...Who has filled my life with pleasure. (P66)……使我生活充满快乐的人。(1)本句中的fill...with...表现一个行动，意为“用……装满……”，其主语通常是人。

He filled the bag with books. 他在书包里装满了书。Please fill the bottle with milk. 请将瓶子装满牛奶。

知识拓展be filled with表现一个状态，意为“装满了……”，相当于be full of，其主语通常是人或物。The room was filled with smoke. 房间里浓烟弥漫。Her eyes were filled with tears. 她眼睛里充满了泪水。

(2)pleasure意为“兴奋，快乐”，是不行数名词；表现“兴趣，兴奋的事”时是可数名词。Reading gives me great pleasure. 念书给了我许多快乐。It is one of my greatest pleasures. 它是我最大兴趣之一。◎在口语中It’s pleasure. 是回覆谢谢的客套语。

—Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的资助。—It’s a pleasure. 不用谢。特别提示◎pleased是形容词，意为“自己感应兴奋的，欣喜的，满足的”，指以任何方式体现出来或未体现出来的满足与快乐，在句中常用作表语，其主语为人。The two friends were very pleased to see each other again.这两个朋侪很是兴奋再次晤面。

I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me.使我兴奋的是司理已经不再生我的气了。◎pleasant也是形容词，表现“使人感应愉快／满足”，一般用作定语，如主语是物，也可以用作表语。It’s pleasant weather today. 今天的天气令人愉快。It’s very pleasant to sit down after standing for hours.站了几小时后坐下来很舒服。

◎please是动词，表现“（使）兴奋，满足，愉快”。Does the cloth please you? 这布料合你的意吗？15. Because I can’t use my arms or legs well, normal things like answering the telephone, opening and shutting doors, or carrying things have always been difficult for me. (P66)因为我不能灵活地使用我的手和脚，像接电话、开关门、拿工具这样的事情对于我来说都很难。

(1)本句中的shut意为“关”，在许多情况下可以与close交换，只是后者语气较弱，如close the door关门（也可能指半开半闭），shut the door关门（指把门关紧）。That shop shuts at eight pm. 那家商店八点钟关门。

He closed his speech with a funny joke. 他用一个有趣的笑话竣事了演说。◎当表现“关闭公路，铁路或交通工具”或作“竣事”讲时，只用close。

They have closed the road for thick fog. 由于大雾，那条公路被关闭。特别提示turn off用来表现“关闭”有开关的工具，如收音机、电视、煤气、水龙头等。

Please turn off the light when you leave the lab.在你脱离实验室前关掉灯。Make sure the gas is turned off before you go to bed.确保上床前把煤气关掉。(2)本句中的carry意为“搬运，携带”，不表现带到什么地方，而携带的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。

She carried a baby in her arms. 她怀里抱了一个孩子。He was carrying a wooden box on his shoulder.他扛着一个木箱。特别提示在后面“Lucky! Fetch my book.”一句中泛起的fetch相当于go and bring back，意为“取来，接来”，表现一往一返。

Let’s fetch some water. 咱们去打点水来。People had to walk many kilometers in order to fetch wood.为了取木料，人们不得不走许多公里路。

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